ABSTRACT Fusarium is the main disease of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) in Brazil, and grafting using resistant rootstocks can be a sustainable management strategy. Several wild Piper species have been considered resistant to infection. However, further studies on the grafting process are needed to generate a safe technical recommendation for farmers. This research was carried out with the objective of evaluating the initial compatibility of grafting through the interaction between two techniques (top cleft and side cleft) and six rootstocks. The P. nigrum ‘Bragantina’ was grafted onto four wild Piper species (Piper aduncum Link, Piper tuberculatum Jacq., Piper marginatum Jacq., and Piper hispidum Kunth) and two black pepper cultivars (‘Kottanadan Broto Branco’ and ‘Bragantina’-homograft). P. tuberculatum and P. marginatum were incompatible with P. nigrum ‘Bragantina’ in the two grafting techniques. There was total suppression of leaf development with incompatible rootstocks inside cleft grafting. The wild rootstocks had twice as many shoots at the base of the seedling than the cultivars in the top cleft grafting. Side cleft grafting was able to suppress by half the shoots at the base of the rootstock, while the aerial part was maintained. Top cleft grafting provided greater survival, shooting, and leaf emission, which was more evident when using P. aduncum species as rootstock, reaching practically twice the shooting (59.3%) in comparison with the side grafting (30.6%). Therefore, the top method and the use of P. aduncum as rootstock for the production of grafted black pepper seedlings is recommended.

Medições microclimáticas (radiação fotossinteticamente ativa - RFA, temperatura do ar, umidade relativa do ar e velocidade do vento) foram realizadas em cultivos de café Conilon (Coffea canephora Pierre) a pleno sol e arborizados com coqueiro-anão-verde (Cocus nucifera L.), no município de São Mateus, ES (18º45' S; 40º11' W; 70 metros), durante o período de outubro de 2008 a junho de 2009, com o objetivo de apresentar os efeitos do cultivo arborizado no microclima. Os resultados obtidos mostraram diferenças na transmissão da RFA dentro do sistema arborizado em comparação ao cultivo a pleno sol, com variações de 58 a 80% e 57 a 86% quando comparados dois episódios de amostragem. A transmissividade média da RFA provocada pelas plantas de coqueiro variou de 73 a 70% durante as duas épocas de amostragem. Com relação a velocidade do vento ocorreu uma redução média de 35% em sua incidência no cultivo arborizado. As diferenças na transmissão de radiação e na incidência de ventos proporcionaram diferentes regimes de temperatura do ar e umidade relativa do ar, com maior efeito sobre os valores diurnos e no ponto de amostragem situado na linha de coqueiros, onde a média da temperatura máxima foi até 1,7 ºC inferior ao cultivo a pleno sol.

Microclimatic measurements (photosynthetically active radiation - PAR, temperature and relative humidity of air and wind speed) were made in a Conilon coffee crop (Coffea canephora Pierre), grown in two different conditions: shaded by dwarf green coconut trees (Cocus nucifera L.) and unshaded. The experiment was carried out at São Mateus, Espírito Santo State, Brazil (18º 45'S; 40º 11' W; 70 meters), between October 2008 and June 2009, aiming to show the effects of shading crop system into the microclimate. The obtained results had inside shown differences in the transmission of PAR in the shaded crop, with variations of 58 to 80% and 57 to 86% when compared the two episodes of sampling. The average transmission of PAR caused by green dwarf coconut trees varied of 73 to 70% during the episodes of sampling. The wind speed was reduced by 35% at the shaded crop. The differences in the transmission of PAR and the incidence of winds produced different values of temperature and relative humidity of the air with the greatest effect during day-light values period and at the sampling at coconut tree rows, where the average maximum temperature was up to 1.7 ºC lower than the unshaded ones.